3 Essential Methods To En Wikipedia

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Vietnam Wikipedia

Many wiki implementations, corresponding to MediaWiki, the software program that powers Wikipedia, allow customers to supply an edit abstract when they edit a web page. This is a brief piece of textual content summarizing the adjustments they've made (e.g. "Corrected grammar" or "Fixed formatting in table"). It is not inserted into the article's primary textual content however is stored together with that revision of the page, allowing users to explain what has been done and why.
Historically, accents have been distinguished by how every area pronounces the letters d ([z] in the Northern dialect and [j] in the Central and Southern dialect) and r ([z] within the Northern dialect and [r] in the Central and Southern dialects). Thus, the Central and the Southern dialects could be said to have retained a pronunciation nearer to Vietnamese orthography and resemble how Middle Vietnamese sounded, in contrast to the modern Northern (Hanoi) dialect, which has since undergone pronunciation shifts. Some English words were integrated into Vietnamese as loan words, similar to "TV" borrowed as "tivi" or just TV, but still officially called truyền hình. Some different borrowings are calques, translated into Vietnamese, for example, 'software' is translated into "phần mềm" (literally that means "gentle part"). Some scientific terms corresponding to "biological cell" were derived from chữ Hán, for example, the word tế bào is 細胞 in chữ Hán, whilst other scientific names similar to "acetylcholine" are unaltered. Before Vietnamese switched from a Chinese-based script to a Latin-based script, Vietnamese had used the standard Chinese system of classifying tones.
Some wiki engines are free and open-source, whereas others are proprietary. Some allow management over completely different functions (levels of access); for instance, modifying rights may allow altering, adding, or eradicating material. More lately, the expansion of the free market system has resulted in increased interregional movement and relations between distant elements of Vietnam by way of business and travel. The actions have additionally resulted in some mixing of dialects and more significantly have made the Northern dialect extra easily understood within the South and vice versa. Most Southerners, when singing modern/old in style Vietnamese songs or addressing the general public, accomplish that in the standardized accent if possible, which uses the Northern pronunciation.
This is just like a log message when making adjustments in a revision-control system. This permits different users to see which adjustments have been made by whom and why, usually in a list of summaries, dates and other quick, related content, an inventory which is recognized as a "log" or "historical past". Vietnam was inhabited by the Paleolithic age, with states established within the first millennium BC on the Red River Delta in modern-day northern Vietnam. The Han dynasty annexed Northern and Central Vietnam beneath Chinese rule from 111 BC, until the first dynasty emerged in 939.
Wikimedia is a world movement whose mission is to convey free academic content to the world. Each month's name is simply the ordinal of that month appended after the word tháng, which means "month". Traditional Vietnamese, however, assigns other names to some months; these names are principally used within the lunar calendar and in poetry. Vietnamese tones were classified into two primary groups, bằng (平; 'level tones') and trắc (仄; 'sharp tones'). Tones corresponding to ngang and huyền belong to the bằng group, whereas tones that are not ngang and huyền such as sắc, hỏi, ngã, and nặng belong to the trắc group. Then, theses tones have been further divided in several other categorizes like bình (平; 'even'), thượng (上; 'rising'), khứ (去; 'departing') , and nhập (入; 'coming into').
Wikis have favored plain-text modifying, with fewer and less complicated conventions than HTML for indicating type and construction. Although limiting entry to HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) of wikis limits consumer ability to alter the structure and formatting of wiki content, there are some benefits. Limited entry to CSS promotes consistency in the really feel and appear, and having JavaScript disabled prevents a person from implementing code that will restrict different customers' access.
Sắc and nặng are counted twice within the system, once in khứ (去; 'departing') and again in nhập (入; 'entering'). The cause for the extra two tones is for tones that end in checked sounds similar to /p/, /t/, /c/ and /k/. Vietnamese Catholics follow a distinctive fashion of prayer recitation called đọc kinh, in which every tone is assigned a specific note or sequence of notes. Words with tones belonging to a particular tone group must happen in certain positions throughout the poetic verse.
Although Vietnamese roots are classified as Austroasiatic, Vietic and Viet-Muong, the outcome of language contact with Chinese heavily influenced the Vietnamese language, causing it to diverge from Viet-Muong into Vietnamese, which was seen to have cut up Vietnamese from Muong across the 10th to eleventh century. For occasion, the Vietnamese word quản lý, meaning administration (noun) or handle (verb) is likely descended from the identical word as guǎnlǐ (管理) in Chinese, kanri (管理, かんり) in Japanese, and gwanli (관리, 管理) in Korean. Instances of Chinese contact include the historic Nam Việt (aka Nanyue) as nicely as different durations of influences. Besides English and French which have made some contributions to Vietnamese language, Japanese loanwords into Vietnamese are additionally a more just lately studied phenomenon.
Successive monarchical dynasties absorbed Chinese influences via Confucianism and Buddhism, and expanded southward to the Mekong Delta, conquering Champa. During most of the seventeenth and 18th centuries, Vietnam was successfully divided into two domains of Đàng Trong and Đàng Ngoài. In 1887, its territory was integrated into French Indochina as three separate areas. In the instant aftermath of World War II, the nationalist coalition Viet Minh, led by the communist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh, launched the August Revolution and declared Vietnam's independence in 1945. The dialect regions differ mostly in their sound systems (see below) but additionally in vocabulary (including primary and non-basic vocabulary) and grammar.[j] The North-Central and the Central regional varieties, which have a big number of vocabulary differences, are usually less mutually intelligible to Northern and Southern audio system.
This means that authors can revert to an older version of the web page ought to it's essential as a end result of a mistake has been made, such because the content material accidentally being deleted or the web page has been vandalized to include offensive or malicious textual content or different inappropriate content. A wiki (/ˈwɪki/ (listen) WIK-ee) is an online hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience, using an internet browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the topics or scope of the project, and could be both open to the public or limited to make use of inside an organization for sustaining its inside data base. It is continually created and updated, and encyclopedic articles on new events seem within minutes somewhat than months or years. Because anybody can improve Wikipedia, it has turn into more comprehensive, clear, and balanced than some other encyclopedia. Its contributors improve the quality and amount of the articles in addition to remove misinformation, errors, and vandalism.
In turn, Vietnamese reformists and nationalists themselves encouraged and popularized using chữ Quốc ngữ. By the middle of the twentieth century, most writing was carried out in chữ Quốc ngữ, which became the official script on independence. The writing system used for Vietnamese is predicated carefully on the system developed by Alexandre de Rhodes for his 1651 Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum. It reflects the pronunciation of the Vietnamese of Hanoi at that time, a stage commonly termed Middle Vietnamese (tiếng Việt trung đại).
As a result of several land reform measures, Vietnam has turn out to be a major exporter of agricultural merchandise. Agriculture's share of Vietnam's GDP has fallen in latest many years, declining from 42% in 1989 to 20% in 2006 as manufacturing in other sectors of the economic system has risen. The Wikipedia Version 1.zero Editorial Team has developed a desk (shown below) that displays information of all rated articles by high quality and importance, on the English Wikipedia.
For instance, a person creating a model new article on cold-weather biking may "tag" this page underneath the categories of commuting, winter sports and bicycling. Originally, most wikis[citation needed] used CamelCase to call pages and create hyperlinks. These are produced by capitalizing words in a phrase and eradicating the areas between them (the word "CamelCase" is itself an example).
Using this system, Vietnamese has 8 tones, however modern linguists only rely 6 phonemic tones. Distinctive tonal variations emerged in the course of the subsequent growth of the Vietnamese language and folks from the Red River Plain into what's now central and southern Vietnam by way of conquest of the traditional nation of Champa and the Khmer people of the Mekong Delta within the neighborhood of present-day Ho Chi Minh City, also recognized as Saigon. Like many other languages in Southeast Asia and East Asia, Vietnamese is an analytic language with phonemic tone. It has head-initial directionality, with subject–verb–object order and modifiers following the words they modify.
Save your favourite articles to read offline, sync your reading lists throughout units and customise your reading experience with the official Wikipedia app. The Tale of Kiều is an epic narrative poem by the celebrated poet Nguyễn Du, (阮攸), which is usually thought of the most vital work of Vietnamese literature. It was initially written in Chữ Nôm (titled Đoạn Trường Tân Thanh 斷腸新聲) and is widely taught in Vietnam (in chữ Quốc Ngữ transliteration). Yogurt in Vietnamese is "sữa chua" (lit. "sour milk"), but in addition calqued from French (yaourt) into Vietnamese (da ua - /j/a ua). Musical notice was borrowed into Vietnamese as "nốt" or "nốt nhạc", from the French observe de musique. The Vietnamese time period for steering wheel is "vô lăng", a partial derivation from the French volant directionnel.
Basic vocabulary in Vietnamese are of Proto-Vietic origins, these words are considered as pure Vietnamese words somewhat than loanwords. Vietnamese shares a large amount of vocabulary with the Mường languages, an in depth relative of the Vietnamese language. In addition, fashionable Vietnamese pronunciations of French names stay instantly derived from the unique French pronunciation ("Pa-ri" for Paris, "Mác-xây" for Marseille, "Boóc-đô" for Bordeaux, and so on.), whereas pronunciations of other foreign names (Chinese excluded) are usually derived from English pronunciations.
The content material should conform with Wikipedia's policies, including being verifiable by printed sources. Editors' opinions, beliefs, private experiences, unreviewed analysis, libelous materials, and copyright violations won't stay. Wikipedia's software permits straightforward reversal of errors, and skilled editors watch and patrol dangerous edits. Written collaboratively by largely anonymous volunteers, Wikipedia articles can be edited by anyone with Internet entry (and who just isn't presently blocked), except in limited circumstances the place editing is restricted to stop disruption or vandalism.
For instance, a German Wikipedia article in regards to the Blaster Worm was edited to include a hyperlink to a malicious website. Users of vulnerable Microsoft Windows methods who adopted the hyperlink would be contaminated.[10] A countermeasure is the use of software program that prevents customers from saving an edit that contains a hyperlink to a website listed on a blacklist of malicious websites. Within the text of most pages, there are usually many hypertext links to different pages within the wiki. This type of non-linear navigation is extra "native" to a wiki than structured/formalized navigation schemes.
There is much less internal variation throughout the Southern area than the opposite areas because of its comparatively late settlement by Vietnamese-speakers (around the end of the fifteenth century). The North-Central region is especially conservative since its pronunciation has diverged much less from Vietnamese orthography than the other varieties, which are inclined to merge certain sounds. Along the coastal areas, regional variation has been neutralized to a sure extent, however more mountainous regions protect extra variation. The romanised script turned predominant over the course of the early twentieth century, when schooling grew to become widespread and a simpler writing system was found to be extra expedient for educating and communication with the general inhabitants. The French colonial administration sought to eliminate Chinese writing, Confucianism, and different Chinese influences from Vietnam.[65] French outdated Chinese in administration. Vietnamese written with the alphabet became required for all public paperwork in 1910 by concern of a decree by the French Résident Supérieur of the protectorate of Tonkin.
Early linguists thought that this meant Vietnamese lexicon then obtained only two layers of Chinese words, one stemming from the interval underneath actual Chinese rule and a second layer from afterwards. A large number of words had been borrowed from Middle Chinese, forming a half of the Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary. These caused the original introduction of the retroflex sounds /ʂ/ and /ʈ/ (modern s, tr) into the language. Wikis can additionally be created on a "andrew tate wiki farm", the place the server-side software program is carried out by the wiki farm proprietor. Under Article 70 of the 1992 Constitution of Vietnam, all residents take pleasure in freedom of belief and religion.[399] All religions are equal earlier than the legislation and every place of worship is protected beneath Vietnamese state law.
Upon the North Vietnamese victory in 1975, Vietnam reunified as a unitary socialist state beneath the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in 1976. An ineffective planned economic system, a commerce embargo by the West, and wars with Cambodia and China crippled the country additional. In 1986, the CPV initiated financial and political reforms just like the Chinese financial reform, reworking the country to a socialist-oriented market financial system.
While CamelCase makes linking simple, it also leads to links in a kind that deviates from the standard spelling. To hyperlink to a page with a single-word title, one should abnormally capitalize one of many letters in the word (e.g. "WiKi" as an alternative of "Wiki"). CamelCase-based wikis are immediately recognizable as a result of they have many links with names such as "TableOfContents" and "BeginnerQuestions".
Another word game somewhat paying homage to pig latin is played by children. Here a nonsense syllable (chosen by the child) is prefixed onto a goal word's syllables, then their preliminary consonants and rimes are switched with the tone of the unique word remaining on the brand new switched rime. Some North-Central varieties (such as Hà Tĩnh Vietnamese) have a slight[clarification needed] merger of the ngã and nặng tones but hold the hỏi tone distinct. Still, other North-Central varieties have a three-way merger of hỏi, ngã, and nặng and so have a four-tone system.
Its vocabulary has had important influence from Chinese and some from French. Wiki software program is a kind of collaborative software that runs a wiki system, allowing net pages to be created and edited using a typical net browser. It may be applied as a sequence of scripts behind an present internet server or as a standalone software server that runs on a quantity of internet servers.
In these implementations, the markup of a newly edited, marked-up version of the web page is generated and submitted to the server transparently, shielding the consumer from this technical detail. WYSIWYG controls do not, however, always provide all of the features obtainable in wikitext, and a few customers choose not to use a WYSIWYG editor. Hence, many of those sites supply some means to edit the wikitext instantly. After World War II, France returned to reclaim colonial energy within the First Indochina War, from which Vietnam emerged victorious in 1954. As a results of the treaties signed between the Viet Minh and France, Vietnam was also separated into two parts. The Vietnam War started shortly after, between the communist North, supported by the Soviet Union and China, and the anti-communist South, supported by the United States.
After France invaded Vietnam in the late nineteenth century, French gradually changed Chinese as the official language in training and government. Vietnamese adopted many French terms, similar to đầm ('dame', from madame), ga ('prepare station', from gare), sơ mi ('shirt', from chemise), and búp bê ('doll', from poupée) in addition to the Latin alphabet, leading to a language that was Austroasiatic but with major Sino-influences and a few minor French influences from the French colonial period. Wikis can also make WYSIWYG modifying obtainable to users, usually via a JavaScript management that translates graphically entered formatting instructions into the corresponding HTML tags or wikitext.
The content material is saved in a file system, and www wikipedia org adjustments to the content material are stored in a relational database management system. A generally applied software package deal is MediaWiki, which runs Wikipedia. Alternatively, private wikis run as a standalone utility on a single pc.
Any reader can fix a mistake or add extra information to articles (see Researching with Wikipedia). The Wikipedia community has developed many policies and pointers, although editors do not need to be conversant in them before contributing. Wikipedia's function is to profit readers by containing information on all branches of information. Hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, it consists of freely editable content, whose articles even have quite a few links to information readers to more data. The syllable-initial ch and tr digraphs are pronounced distinctly within the North-Central, Central, and Southern varieties but are merged in Northern varieties, which pronounce them the identical way).
The Unicode character set accommodates all Vietnamese characters and the Vietnamese forex symbol. On techniques that do not support Unicode, many 8-bit Vietnamese code pages are available such as Vietnamese Standard Code for Information Interchange (VSCII) or Windows-1258. Where ASCII have to be used, Vietnamese letters are often typed using the VIQR conference, although this is largely pointless with the growing ubiquity of Unicode. There are many software program tools that assist type Roman-script Vietnamese on English keyboards, such as WinVNKey and Unikey on Windows, or MacVNKey on Macintosh, with well-liked methods of encoding Vietnamese using Telex, VNI or VIQR input methods all included. Besides third-party software program instruments, operating techniques such as Windows or macOS can be installed with Vietnamese and Vietnamese keyboard, e.g.
A growing nation with a lower-middle-income economic system, Vietnam is nonetheless one of the fastest-growing economies of the 21st century. Vietnam has high levels of corruption, censorship, environmental issues and a poor human rights record; the country ranks among the lowest in worldwide measurements of civil liberties, freedom of the press, and freedom of faith and ethnic minorities. It is part of worldwide and intergovernmental establishments together with the ASEAN, the APEC, the CPTPP, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OIF, and the WTO.
The pronunciation of the "rime" of the syllable, i.e. all parts other than the initial consonant (optional /w/ glide, vowel nucleus, tone and ultimate consonant), appears almost similar between Middle Vietnamese and trendy Hanoi pronunciation. On the opposite hand, the Middle Vietnamese pronunciation of the preliminary consonant differs significantly from all fashionable dialects, and in reality is significantly closer to the trendy Saigon dialect than the modern Hanoi dialect. Malware may also be an issue for wikis, as customers can add hyperlinks to websites internet hosting malicious code.
The centering diphthongs are shaped with solely the three excessive vowels (i, ư, u). They are usually spelled as ia, ưa, ua once they finish a word and are spelled iê, ươ, uô, respectively, when they are adopted by a consonant. Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that anybody can edit in good religion, and hundreds of thousands have already got. The English Wikipedia is the primary[a] English-language version of Wikipedia, an internet encyclopedia. It was created by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger on January 15, 2001, as Wikipedia's first version.
Users can also create any variety of index or table-of-contents pages, with hierarchical categorization or whatever type of group they like. These may be difficult to take care of "by hand", as a quantity of authors and customers could create and delete pages in an advert hoc, unorganized method. Wikis can provide one or more methods to categorize or tag pages to help the upkeep of such index pages. Some wikis, including the original, have a backlink characteristic, which displays all pages that hyperlink to a given page. It can also be sometimes potential in a wiki to create links to pages that do not but exist, as a way to invite others to share what they learn about a subject new to the wiki. Wiki customers can sometimes "tag" pages with categories or keywords, to make it easier for different users to search out the article.
A wiki can render the seen anchor of such links "pretty" by reinserting areas, and possibly also reverting to decrease case. This reprocessing of the hyperlink to enhance the readability of the anchor is, nonetheless, restricted by the lack of capitalization information caused by CamelCase reversal. For example, "RichardWagner" must be rendered as "Richard Wagner", whereas "PopularMusic" ought to be rendered as "in style music". There is no easy approach to determine which capital letters ought to remain capitalized. As a outcome, many wikis now have "free linking" using brackets, and a few disable CamelCase by default.
De Rhodes's orthography also made use of an apex diacritic, as in o᷄ and u᷄, to point a ultimate labial-velar nasal /ŋ͡m/, an allophone of /ŋ/ that's peculiar to the Hanoi dialect to the present day. This diacritic is commonly mistaken for a tilde in trendy reproductions of early Vietnamese writing. Other group news publications embrace the "WikiWorld" net comic, the Wikipedia Weekly podcast, and newsletters of particular WikiProjects like The Bugle from WikiProject Military History and the month-to-month publication from The Guild of Copy Editors. There are numerous publications from the Wikimedia Foundation and multilingual publications such as the Wikimedia Blog and This Month in Education.
Many North-Central varieties protect three distinct pronunciations for d, gi, and r, but the Northern varieties have a three-way merger, and the Central and the Southern varieties have a merger of d and gi but maintain r distinct. At the end of syllables, the palatals ch and nh have merged with the alveolars t and n, which, in turn, have additionally partially merged with velars c and ng in the Central and the Southern varieties. Although regional variations developed over time, most of those words can be used interchangeably and be understood well, albeit with more or less frequency then others or with barely completely different however usually discernible word decisions and pronunciations. Some accents may mix, with words such dạ vâng combining dạ and vâng, being created.
Some wikis have an edit button or link directly on the page being considered if the consumer has permission to edit the page. This can result in a text-based editing web page the place members can construction and format wiki pages with a simplified markup language, generally known as wikitext, wiki markup or wikicode (it can even lead to a WYSIWYG modifying web page; see the paragraph after the desk below). For example, beginning lines of text with asterisks could create a bulleted record. The fashion and syntax of wikitexts can vary significantly among wiki implementations,[example needed] a few of which also enable HTML tags.
In addition, there are a number of phonetic variations (mostly in pitch contour and phonation type) in the tones among the dialects. With the rise of the Internet, new slang is generated and popularized via social media. This more trendy slang is often used among the many younger generation of teenspeak in Vietnam. This more modern slang is generally pure Vietnamese, and virtually all of the words are homonyms or some type of wordplay. Some slang words could embrace profanity swear words (derogatory) or just a play on words. Modern linguists describe fashionable Vietnamese having misplaced many Proto-Austroasiatic phonological and morphological features that authentic Vietnamese had.[46] The Chinese influence on Vietnamese corresponds to varied durations when Vietnam was beneath Chinese rule, and subsequent influence after Vietnam turned impartial.
Since its creation on January 15, 2001, it has grown into the world's largest reference web site, attracting over a billion visitors month-to-month. Wikipedia at present has more than sixty-one million articles in additional than 300 languages, together with 6,696,372 articles in English with 116,233 active contributors prior to now month. It can also be spoken by the Jing people traditionally residing on three islands (now joined to the mainland) off Dongxing in southern Guangxi Province, China.[30] A giant number of Vietnamese speakers also reside in neighboring nations of Cambodia and Laos.
The reforms facilitated Vietnamese reintegration into the worldwide economic system and politics. The Economist reported that the number of contributors with a median of 5 or extra edits per month was comparatively fixed since 2008 for Wikipedia in other languages at roughly forty two,000 editors inside slender seasonal variances of about 2,000 editors up or down. The number of active editors in English Wikipedia, by "sharp" comparison, was cited as peaking in 2007 at approximately 50,000 and dropping to 30,000 by the start of 2014. English Wikipedia is hosted alongside other language editions by the Wikimedia Foundation, an American non-profit organization. Its content is written independently of other editions[1] in various varieties of English, aiming to stay consistent inside articles. Nevertheless, the main dialects are nonetheless predominant in their respective areas and have also advanced over time with influences from different areas.
Vietnamese, like Chinese and a lot of languages in Southeast Asia, is an analytic language. Vietnamese does not use morphological marking of case, gender, quantity or tense (and, consequently, has no finite/nonfinite distinction).[h] Also like other languages in the region, Vietnamese syntax conforms to subject–verb–object word order, is head-initial (displaying modified-modifier ordering), and has a noun classifier system. Not all dialects of Vietnamese have the same consonant in a given word (although all dialects use the same spelling in the written language). Some consonant sounds are written with just one letter (like "p"), different consonant sounds are written with a digraph (like "ph"), and others are written with a couple of letter or digraph (the velar cease is written variously as "c", "k", or "q"). In some instances, they are based on their Middle Vietnamese pronunciation; since that interval, ph and kh (but not th) have evolved from aspirated stops into fricatives (like Greek phi and chi), while d and gi have collapsed and converged collectively (into /z/ in the north and /j/ within the south). A neighbor wiki is just a wiki that will focus on similar content material or could otherwise be of curiosity.
If an article or record receives different ratings by two or more WikiProjects, then the highest ranking is used in the desk, pie-charts, and bar-chart. The version's one-billionth edit was made on 13 January 2021 by Ser Amantio di Nicolao (Steven Pruitt) who as of that date is the consumer with the best variety of edits on the English Wikipedia, at over four million.[4] Currently, there are 6,696,356 articles created with 903,970 information. The encyclopedia is residence to 10.9% of articles in all Wikipedias (down from greater than 50% in 2003).[19][20] The English Wikipedia at present has forty five,977,858 registered accounts of which 893 are administrators. Whilst there have been any older slang words from previous generations, the prevalence of uses of slang amongst younger people in Vietnam, as specific teen converse conversations turn out to be difficult to understand for older generations and is subjected to debate generally. Some believe that incorporating teen-speak or web slang into a daily dialog among youngsters will affect the formality and cadence of speech.[59] Others argue that it's not the slang that is the downside, however quite the lack of communication methods for the instant internet messaging period. They believe slang should not be dismissed, but instead, youth should be knowledgeable enough to know when to make use of them and when it is appropriate.
A delegate wiki is a wiki that agrees to have certain content material delegated to that wiki.[48] One method of discovering a wiki on a particular subject is to observe the wiki-node network from wiki to wiki. Most wikis supply a minimum of a title search, and generally a full-text search. The scalability of the search is decided by whether or not the wiki engine makes use of a database. Some wikis, corresponding to PmWiki, use flat files.[12] MediaWiki's first versions used flat information, but it was rewritten by Lee Daniel Crocker in the early 2000s (decade) to be a database application.[citation needed] Indexed database entry is important for high pace searches on giant wikis. Alternatively, exterior search engines like google corresponding to Google Search can typically be used on wikis with restricted looking functions to obtain more precise outcomes. Some wikis keep a record of adjustments made to wiki pages; usually, each model of the page is stored.